Data integrity ensures data remains accurate, consistent, complete, and trustworthy throughout its entire lifecycle, from creation to deletion. It’s achieved by implementing processes and controls to protect data from unauthorized alterations, accidental modification, corruption, or loss. Maintaining data integrity is crucial for making reliable business decisions, ensuring data quality, and preventing negative consequences like failed systems or eroded public trust.
Data integrity is the opposite of data corruption.[4] The overall intent of any data integrity technique is the same: ensure data is recorded exactly as intended (such as a database correctly rejecting mutually exclusive possibilities). Moreover, upon later retrieval, ensure the data is the same as when it was originally recorded. In short, data integrity aims to prevent unintentional changes to information. Data integrity is not to be confused with data security, the discipline of protecting data from unauthorized parties.